back [] 1. ~ of axe ýr n?; 2. going ~ adj capiende retrograde; lying on the ~ capiende bent backwards; 3. ~ (in return) adv æfter thereupon

backward [] adj lætsum; bent ~s capiende thrown backwards; ~s (of motion) capiende going back; that can be read ~s in the same meter adj capiende; thrown ~s capiende lying on the back; ~s capiende bent backwards

bad [] 1. adj yfel (cmp wiersa, spl wiersta, wierresta, weorsta), gódléas evil, yfelic, yfellic evil; lýðre wicked; lýðerlic vile; láðwende2 hostile; cystléas worthless; náht poor; 2. ~ly adv yfelíce, yfellíce, yfle (cmp wiers/wyrs, spl wierrest/wyrrest/wyrst) evilly; lýðerlíce vilely; náhtlíce wickedly; 3. become ~ wv/t2 yfelian1 grow worse

bag [] ceod? ?, ceode? ? pouch, pohha m, poha m, pohcha m, pusa m scrip

baggy [] adj pohhede

bail [] inborh m security in cases of theft

bake [] sv/t6 ábacan, wv/t1b ábrǽdan

baked [] newly ~ adj níwbacen; ~ on ashes ascbacen

baker [] grístra m miller

balance [] 1. anmitta m scales; 2. ~ against irreg wv/t1b átellan wíð

bald [] adj andfeax, calu bare

ball [] æppel m anything round, clíewen n sphere, þóðer m, þóðor m sphere; ~ of thread or yarn clíewen n

Baltic Sea [] norðsǽ f

band [] nostle f fillet; ymbstandnes f, ymbstandennes f troop; armed-~ gárhéap m band of warriors; ~ of warriors gárhéap m; ~ of men gefylce n army; spear-~ gárhéap m armed-band

banish [] wv/t1b ýtan drive out

banner [] gierela1 m

baptism [] Christian ~ crístennes f; laver of ~ fantbæð n baptismal water

baptismal font [] fanfæt n

baptismal water [] fant m, fantbæð n laver of baptism

bar [] clús f, clúse f [L clausum] bolt, clústor n [L claustrum] lock, loc n bolt

bare [] 1. adj calu bald; ídel void; nacod, nacud nude; 2. lay ~ wv/t1a ábarian disclose; make ~ wv/t1a ábarian disclose

barefaced [] adj nebwlátful shameless

bargain [] 1. céap m gain; nǽming f contract; loc n agreement; 2. wv/t2 céapian1 trade

bark [] aspen ~ cwicbéamrind f; ~ of apple-tree apuldorrind f; ivy-~ ífigrind f; oak-~ ácrind f

barley paid as rent [] gafolbere m

barn-keeper [] gebrot m

barren [] adj íeðe2 desolate

barrier [] clústor n [L claustrum] bar

barter [] wv/t1b cýpan1 traffic

base [] adj gaf lewd, lýðre mean, lysu evil

basilisk [] fágwyrm m

basin [] céac m pitcher, læfel m bowl [L labellum], lempit f dish

basket [] cawl m, cýpe f vessel, leap m, gafolgyld n fiscus; fodder ~ for cattle yrfebin n; ~ for catching or keeping fish leap m

basket-weir [] a ~ cytwer m

bas-relief [] in ~ adj inheald embossed

bastard [] adj cifesboren

bath [] gannet’s ~ ganotes bæð n (i.e., the sea)

Bath [] Acemannes burh f, Acemannes ceaster f

bathe [] sv/t6 áwascan wash, wv/t2 lafian1 wash

batten [] wv/t1b geswétlǽcan

battle [] 1. æscþracu f, lác2 n, f strife, lindgelác n, camp m, n combat, campwíg n combat, gecamp m warfare, níðplega m fight, níðweorc n, gúð2 f combat, handgemót2 n; gármitting f, gárgewinn2 n fight with spears, gárrǽs m, gárþracu f [dat ~þræce], plega m, gúðgewinn2 n; place of ~ æscsteall? m, æscstede m; 2. brave in ~ adj níðheard2 bold; 3. engage in ~ irreg v/t tógædre/tógædere/tógadere gán1

battlefield [] campstede2 m; cross marking a ~? æscstederód f

battle-friend [] gúðwine2 m weapon

bay [] laur m laurel

be [] sv/i5 licgan1 remain; ~ present irreg v/i ætbéon

beach [] ýðláf2 f shore

beak [] nebb n bill; ~-shaped thing [] nebb n beak

beaker [] líð n cup

beam [] léoma1 m ray of light; weaver’s ~ lorg f, m, lorh f, m pole

bear [] sv/t4 beran, sv/t4 áberan carry, sv/t4 niman1 bring, wv/t1b cépan take to; irreg wv/t1b gebringan produce; ~ (a child) sv/t4 áberan

bearable [] adj áberendlic

bearer [] key-~ cǽgbora m jailor

bearing [] gelǽte n [ON lǽti] manners

beast [] néat n animal; níetan n small animal

beat [] sv/t7 ábéatan strike, sv/t1 cnídan, wv/t1b pyrtan strike, wv/t2 þaccian1 smack; wv/t2 púnian1 bruise; wv/t1a clæppan throb; ~ or mark the bounds of land wv/t1b lǽdan

beaten by storms [] adv stormum ábéatne

beautiful [] 1. adj léoflic pleasant, ánlic; léoht resplendent, lufiendlic, lufigendlic lovely; 2. ~ly adv léoflíce

beautify [] irreg wv/t1b cyrtenlǽcan1 make elegant

beauty [] cyrtenes f elegance, glǽm2 m  splendor

because [] conj ac for; nú since

bed [] 1. bedd n; gang m path, gelege f? lair; leger n couch, legerbedd n; ~ of death néobedd2 n corpse-bed; ~ of spirits néobedd2 n bed of death; corpse-~ néobedd2 n bed of death; sick ~ legerbedd n; 2. adj confined to ~ gelegered, gelegerod; 3. keep one’s ~ leger weardian

bed-chamber [] cot n, cote f cottage

bedeck [] wv/t2 ymbcæfian embroider around

bed-time [] gebedgiht f

bee [] enclosure for ~s ymbhaga m; swarm of ~s ymbe n; taxable swarm (of ~s) gafolheord f

beer [] small ~ æfterealu n

beetle [] ceafor m cock-chafer, ymel m; ~ or moth which flies by night nihtbutorfléoge f

before [] 1. prep w.d., rarely a. æt (local) next to; prep w.d. ǽr; prep w.a. ymbe (of time); 2. adv ymbe; just ~ hwéne ǽr; ~ that ǽr [cmp ǽror; spl ǽrost, ǽrest, ǽrst] previously; 3. conj ǽr þam (þe); ~ that ǽr ere, þǽrforan

beforehand [] adv ǽr [cmp ǽror; spl ǽrost, ǽrest, ǽrst] formerly, on ǽr, ǽr þissum formerly

beget [] wv/t1a cennan1 create, wv/t1b ástríenan2

beggar [] loddere m

begin (the weft) [] sv/t3 inweorpan

beginning [] anginn n; ǽwielm m source; ingang m ingress; the ~ of a month cálend m

behave towards [] sv/t7 lǽtan1 treat

behavior [] ymbwendung f

behead [] wv/t2 héafdian

behind [] 1. prep w.d.i. æfter after (local and temporal); prep w.d. æthindan after; 2. adj æfterweard following æftwanweard in the rear; æftanweard coming after; 3. adv æftewearde, on láste/last, æftan from behind; from ~ æftan behind; 4. leave ~ sv/t7 lǽtan1 let alone, sv/t7 on bæc lǽtan1

behold [] interj lóc/lóca nu, lá! lo!, nú lo!

beholding [] ymbséon f regard

behoove [] wv/t2 ábehófian concern

being [] adj not ~ nǽrende; ptc [ne + wesan]

being together [] gæd n union

belch [] wv/t1b cylcan eructate; ~ out (in a contemptuous sense) wv/t1b cylcan utter; ~ up a thing wv/t1b cylcan

beleaguer [] wv/t2 ymbwícgian surround

belief [] créda m [L credo] confession of faith, léafa1 m faith

believe [] 1. easy to ~? adj léafléoht; 2. wv/t1b, wv/i1b líefan1 trust

believing [] 1. adj geléafsum faithful, gelíefed pious, léafful1 orthodox (Christian); 2. adv ~ly léaffullíce

belittle [] wv/t2 lýtlian1

bell [] church-~ ciricbelle f; noon-~ nónbelle f; ringing of the noon-~ nónhring m

bellowing [] grymetung f, grymettung f roaring

belong to [] sv/i5 licgan1

belonging to the people generally [] adj ceorllic common

beloved [] 1. adj léof1 dear; 2. ~ one léof m friend

below [] adv neoðan, neoðane beneath, niðer beneath, niðere down

belt [] gyrdel m girdle; surrounding ~ ymbgang m circumference

bend [] 1. ymbbígnes f circuit; 2. wv/t1b ábégan bow, wv/t1b ábýgan bend down; ~ down wv/t1b ábégan bend, wv/t1b ábýgan bend

bending [] adj ábégendlic flexible; ~ around ymbbígnes f bend

beneath [] 1. situated ~ adj niðeweard; 2. adv neoðan, neoðane below; niðer downwards; from ~ neoðan, neoðane below

beneficial [] adj nytt helpful

benefit [] 1. ár f favor; gód n advantage, nytnes f use; ~s ár f ecclesiastical living; 2. wv/t2 gebrýcian, gebrýcsian profit

benign [] adj líðe (cmp lýðre, spl lýðrest?) gentle

bent [] adj géap crooked, gecrócod crooked; ~ backwards capiende lying on the back; ~ down niðerbogen; ~ downwards niðerheald

bequeath [] sv/t7 lǽtan1, wv/t1b lǽfan1 leave

bequest [] ierfe n heritage, yrfeláf f inheritance

bereave [] wv/t1b ástýpan deprive

bereavement [] ástýpednes f, ástýpnes f privation

bereft (of) [] adj w.d.g. gefylled; adj w.g. léas devoid of

berries [] cluster of ivy-~ ífigcrop m, ífigcroppa m

berry [] corn n seed, cropp m, croppa m sprout; a bunch of ~s léactrog m, léactroc m; laurel-~ laurberige f

beset [] irreg wv/t1b ymbsellan enclose, wv/t1a ymbsettan surround; wv/t1b nierwan1, wv/t2 nierwian1 chasten

besides [] adv þǽrbufan; ~ that þǽrbufan

besiege [] sv/t5 ymbsittan surround

best [] the ~ of anything cyst f, m w. gen pl the choicest

bestowed [] adj gebritnod

betake oneself [] sv/t4 niman1 go; ~ to wv/t1b cépan avail oneself to

betray [] sv/t7 ingefeallan disclose, wv/t1a yppan1 reveal, wv/t1b lǽwan1 [Goth léwjan], wv/t2 ámeldian make known

betroth [] wv/t1b gehandfæstan

between [] prep w.d. ábitweonum

beyond [] 1. prep w.a. geondan, ymbútan outside; 2. adv ymbútan

bid [] sv/t2 ábéodan proclaim; ~ farewell to sv/t2 hǽl ábéodan wish one good luck

bill [] nebb n beak

billow [] ýð f flood

billows [] holmwylm m

billowy [] adj ýðig stormy

bind [] wv/t1b cyspan1 fetter, wv/t2 gefeterian2 fetter; ~ around sv/t3 ymbbindan

binding [] gebundennes f obligation

bird [] lyftfléogend m; ~ of prey néfugol m; male ~ carlfugol m cock; sea-~ ganot m water-fowl; a supposed ~? pernex m [mistranslation of L pernix]; catching of ~s yltwist f; crop (of a ~) cropp m, croppa m; young ~ nest n brood

birth [] 1. cenning f parturition, ácennednes f, ácenning f; after-~ cildhama m; imperfect ~ lambyrd f; 2. of noble ~ adj æðelcund

birthday [] cennes f

birthplace [] cenningstów f

bit [] cáma m  [L] collar; ~ (of a bridle, bristling with points cenep m [ON kanpr]

bite into pieces [] sv/t1 ábítan gnaw

biting [] adj numol snappish; numol stinging

bitter [] make ~ or sour wv/t2 ábiterian, ábitrian embitter; turn ~ wv/i2 ábiterian, ábitrian

bittern [] cýta m kite; ? púr ?

black [] 1. coal-~ adj colsweart; 2. ~ centaury ísenhearde f knapweed

blackmail [] níedbád f exaction

blacksmith [] ísensmið m, ísenwyrhta m

blade [] gærswyrt f grass

blame [] 1. clearing from ~ lád f exculpation; 2. sv/t6, also wv/t1b léan, wv/t2 leahtrian1 accuse; 3. ~less adj leahtorléas faultless

blaming [] nǽting f

blandish [] irreg wv/t1b léasóleccan flatter

blanket [] tribute-~ gafolhwítel m tribute-whittle

blaspheme [] wv/t2 yfelsacian1, wv/t2 yfelsian1

blasphemer [] hierwend m, yfelsacend m

blasphemy [] hierwing f, yfelsacung f calumny, yfelsæc n?, yfelsung f

blast [] ǽðm m

bleach [] wv/t1a áblǽcan whiten

blemish [] áwierding f corruption; glemm m spot; ~ (in an object) fácen n fault

blind [] 1. adj ymeséne; 2. wv/t1b áblindan make blind; become ~ wv/i2 áblindian; make ~ wv/t1b áblindan blind

blinded [] adj áblend

blister [] pocc m pustule; ice-~ ísgeblǽd n

blood (man of royal ~) [] æðeling m nobleman

blood relation [] nýdmǽg1 m, nýdmǽge1 f cousin

blot out [] wv/t2 ádílegian, ádílgian, ádíligian destroy

blow [] 1. andslyht2 m; 2. sv/t7 ábláwan blow away; wv/t1a pyffan puff, wv/t2 pyfian; sv/t7 ábláwan breathe; ~ an instrument wv/t1b plegan pipe; ~ away sv/t7 ábláwan breathe upon

blowing [] ábláwung f inflation

blowing fiercely (of flame) [] adj áblǽst

blunt [] wv/t1b ástyntan repress

blush [] wv/i2 áblysian, wv/t2 áréodian redden

blushing [] áblysgung f, áblysung f shame

boast [] 1. gielpword n; 2. wv/t1b gealpettan

boaster [] gielpna m

boastfulness [] gealpettung f, gielpnes f

boasting [] empty ~ ídelgielp n vainglory

boat [] naca2 m ship; small ~ ǽrendscip n skiff

bodily [] 1. adj líchamlic physical; 2. adv líchamlíce personally

bodily torment [] níedbád f

body [] líc n, lícfæt2 n, limgesíð f; líchama m corpse; separation of soul and ~ gástgedál2 n death; ~ of priests préosthéap m, préosthíred m

bog-myrtle [] gagel m? sweet gale

boil [] irreg v/t áwillan bring into commotion; sv/t2 áséoðan seethe, wv/i2 fámgian foam

boiled [] newly ~ adj nísoden

bold [] 1. adj cáf brave, cáflic, heardmód brave; céne, gárþríst daring; heardlic warlike; níðheard2 brave in battle; ~ in arms gárcéne bold in fight; ~ in fight gárcéne; 2. ~ly adv cáfe, cáflíce, céne brave, cénlíce; heardlíce in a warlike manner

boldness [] cáfscipe m alacrity, cénðu f, néðing f daring, nóð2 f daring

bolt [] clús f, clúse f [L clausum] bar, loc n bar

bond [] internal ~ inbend m, f; iron ~ ísenbend2 m, f fetter

bondage [] born in ~ adj ǽhtboren

bond-slave [] nýdþéwetling m

bone? [] lim n

book [] ~ of canons canonbóc f; canonical ~s canones béc f pl [L canon]; Latin ~ lǽdenbóc f ~ of prescriptions lǽcebóc f; ~ of service for compline nihtsang m; ~ of the epistles pistolbóc f; ~s of the law ǽbéc f pl

booth  [] léafsele m place for shade

booty [] fang m plunder, lác n, f, herefeoh n, nóð2 f plunder

border [] þerscold m, þerscwald m, þerscwold m, þerxold m, þerxwold m limit; northern ~ norðefes f

border? [] sv/i5 licgan1 lie along

born [] adj geboren; ~ in bondage ǽhtboren; lawfully ~ ǽwumboren; low-~ ceorlboren not noble; new~ níwcend; ~ on the estate inbyrde

both [] 1. pron ǽghwæðer either; 2. ~…and  conj ǽghwæðer (ge)…ge, ǽgðer…and

bottle [] pinnan f? flask

bottom [] niðernes f deepness

bought [] adj áboht

bound [] 1. adj gebunden; 2. not to be ~ irreg v/t nágan not owe

boundary [] landgemǽre n, landgemirce n frontier, landmearc n; north-west ~ norðwestgemǽre m; ~ of ploughed land yrðmearc f, landscearu f landmark

boundless [] adj grundléaslic vast

bountiful [] adj gifol generous

bounty [] cystignes f, cystines f goodness, glædmódnes f kindness

bow [] wv/t1b ábégan bend down

bow? [] ýr m

bowed [] adj ábogen; ~ down ábéag

bowels [] innefaran ?, inneforan ?; ~? neweséoða m pit of the stomach; weakness of the ~ innoðtýdernes f

bowl [] læfel m basin [L labellum]

box [] cæpse f [L capsa]; iron ~ yrsebin f; money ~ gafolgyld n fiscus

boy [] cniht m youth

boyhood [] cnihthád m youth, cniht m

boyish [] adj cnihtlic childish

boyishness [] cnihtwíse f

branch [] clyster n bunch; lim n; palm-~ palm m, palma m, palmtwig n

brass [] ár n copper

brave [] 1. adj cáf bold, céne, heardmód bold, heardhicgende2; ~ in battle níðheard2 bold; 2. ~ly adv cáfe, céne, heardlíce stoutly

brave [] adj þegnlic noble; ~ly adv þegnlíce manfully

brawl in a house [] infiht n, insócn f

bray (in a mortar) [] wv/t2 portian1

brazen vessel [] árfæt n

breach [] gebryce m fracture; ~ of the law lahbryce m; ~ of the peace ǽhlýp m assault

break [] sv/t4 ábrecan break down; ~ away sv/i3 áberstan escape; ~ down sv/t4 ábrecan break to pieces; ~ into sv/t5 inbrecan; ~ out sv/i3 áberstan burst out, sv/i3 út áberstan; ~ out, away, forth sv/i4 ábrecan; ~ out in pimples wv/t2 piplian show eruptions; ~ to pieces sv/t7 ábéatan strike, sv/t4 ábrecan break down; ~ up wv/t1b gebrýtan destroy

breaking [] gebryce m fracture

breast [] feorhloca m, gástcofa m; innoð m, f inside, gástcofa m spirit’s chamber

breath [] ǽðm m air, gást m

breathe [] sv/t7 ábláwan blow; ~ out wv/t1a ápyffan exhale; ~ upon sv/t7 ábláwan blow away, sv/t7 inbláwan inspire

breathing [] ǽðm m breath, inéðung f inspiration; hardness of ~ nirewett n

brethren [] gebróðor m pl, gebróðra m pl, gebróðru m pl  brothers

brewed [] adj gebrowen

bribe [] endeavor to ~ wv/t2 céapian1

bridesmaid [] hádswǽpe f

bridesman [] hádswǽpa m

bridle [] 1. geweald n; 2. wv/t2 ámídlian, wv/t2 gebrídlian restrain

briefly [] adv nearolíce closely

bright [] 1. adj léoht luminous, léohtlic radiant; hádor2 clear; perennially ~ géartorht; 2. ~ly adv léohte brilliantly; hádre clearly

brightness [] glǽm2 m brilliance, líhtnes f, hádor n clearness

brilliance [] glǽm2 m gleam

brilliancy [] fágnes f variety of color

brilliant [] 1. adj léohtbǽre luminous; 2. ~ly adv léohte  brightly

bring [] irreg wv/t1b bringan, sv/t4 niman1 carry, wv/t1b lǽdan1 take; irreg wv/t1b gebringan lead; ~ before one wv/t2 geandwerdian present; ~ forth wv/t1a cennan1 conceive, wv/t2 gehrifian, wv/t1b lǽdan1 produce; ~ forward wv/t1b inlǽdan lead up; ~ in irreg wv/t1b inbrengan, inbringan present, irreg wv/t1b ingebringan, sv/t4 ináberan, wv/t1b inlǽdan lead in; ~ into commotion irreg v/t áwillan boil; ~ low wv/t1b ábýgan subdue, wv/t2 niðerian1 depress; ~ out wv/t1a yppan1 disclose; ~ to light wv/t1b ábǽran disclose; ~ up well wv/t2 geþéawian

bringer [] lǽdend m; ~ of evil tidings yfelberend m

bringing up [] infóster n rearing

Bristol Channel [] norðsǽ f northern sea

broad [] adj géap spacious

broil [] ingerec n

broken [] adj gebrocen, ábrocen; ~ up gebrócod afflicted

brooch [] préon m pin

brood [] nest n young bird

broom [] ceacga m furze

brother monk [] gehada m

brotherhood [] gebróðorscipe m fraternity; member of a ~ of related persons gilda1 m

brothers [] gebróðra m pl, gebróðru m pl brethren; ~ collectively gebróðor m pl

brothership [] gebróðorscipe m brotherhood

brought [] adj gebroht

bruchus [] grimena m caterpillar (a kind of locust without wings)

bruise [] wv/t2 púnian1 beat

bruised [] adj gebrýsed

bruising [] gebrýsednes f

brutish [] adv níetenlic animal

brutishness [] níetennnes f

buckle [] clofe f, gyrdelhring m girdle, fifele f [L fibula]

buffet [] wv/t1a plættan smack

buffoon [] glíwere m parasite, léasere m jester

build [] wv/t1b átimbran, wv/t2 átimbrian erect; wv/t2 ástemnian found; ~ nests wvt1b nistan, wv/t2 nistian, wv/t1b nistlan, wv/t2 nistlian

builder []church-~ circwyrhta m; city ~ ceasterwyrhta m

building [] ærn n store; ancient ~ ǽrsceaft f

bulbous [] adj clufeht, clufehte

bunch [] clyster n cluster, cropp m, croppa m cluster; a ~ of berries léactrog m, léactroc m

burden [] handhæf n

burdock [] cliðe f

burghers [] ceasterwaran1 m pl citizens

burial [] gebyrgednes f; ~ place legerstów f

burn [] sv/i3 ábeornan take fire

burning [] 1. adj glowende glowing; 2. lígbryne2 m fire, ál n fire; inbærnednes f, inbærnes f incense

burst out [] sv/i3 áberstan break out

bush [] gebrogne n

bushel [] cýf f vat

business [] ǽbod m, cierr m affair, intinga m matter; níed f errand

busy [] wv/t2 ábisgian occupy; be ~ with wv/t2 ábisgian engage in; ~ oneself wv/t1b plegan occupy oneself; ~ oneself with wv/t2 geimpian

but [] 1. conj ac, and; ~ also ac moreover; 2. adv gefæstlíce verily

butt [] wv/t2 potian goad

butter [] cúbutere f

buttress [] cantel m?, n? support

buy [] wv/t1b cýpan1 barter, wv/t2 céapian1

by [] 1. prep w.d., rarely a. æt (instrumental) [prep w.i.???]; prep w.d., rarely a. æt (local) near; 2. adv ymb utan; ~ that (person or thing) þǽrbig, þǽrbie thereby

by no means [] adv náteshwón, náteþæshwón not at all

bystander [] ymbstandend m

 

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